Capítulo 1. Introducción a la audiometría.

  • Arlinger S. Manual of Practical Audiometry. London, England: Whurr Publishers Ltd; 1991.
  • Benito JI, Morais D, Miyar V, Chamorro J, Martín C Estudio descriptivo de la asistencia primaria en otorrinolaringología. Acta Otolaringol Esp 1996;47(1): 55-62.
  • Calvo Bouzas E, Rodríguez Gutiérrez A, Diego Pérez C, Sancipriano Hernández JA, Gómez Toranzo E Asistencia primaria en otorrinolaringología. Estudio descriptivo. Acta Otolaringol Esp 1998;49(3): 229-233.
  • Campbell KC. The basic audiologic assessment. In: Essential Audiology for Physicians. Singular Publishing Group Inc; 1998.
  • Courtat P, Peytral C, Elbaz P. Exploraciones funcionales en otorrinolaringología Barcelona: JIMS, 1997.
  • Hall JW, Mueller HG. Audiologists' Desk Reference. Vol 1. San Diego, Calif: Singular Publishing Group Inc; 1997.
  • Katz J. Handbook of Clinical Audiology. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1985.
  • Kileny PR, Zwolan TA, Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 4th ed, Chapter 152 - Diagnostic and rehabilitative audiology, 2005;3499-3400.
  • Mester AF, Stephens SD. Development of the audiometer and audiometry. Audiology. 1984;23(2):206-14.
  • Martin FN. Medical Audiology: Disorders of Hearing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1981.
  • Northern JL, Downs MP. Hearing in Children. 4th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1991.
  • Turiel MP, Cabal A. Guía de actuación en atención primaria. Barcelona: semFYC 1998; 134-138.

                                                

   Capítulo 2. Acumetría.

  • Botey R. Tratado de Otorrinolaringología. Salvat Editores, Barcelona. 1914.
  • Csovanyos L. The Bing test in the diagnosis of deafness. Laryngoscope 1961;71:1548.
  • Feldmann H. History of the tuning fork ats course in mmusic and natural sciencies. Laryngorhinootologie 1977; 76:116-122.
  • Heck WE, Dr. A. Rinne. Laryngoscope 1952;72:647-852.
  • Labella Caballero T, Lozano Ramirez A. Manual de audiometría. Ed Garsi, Madrid. 1988.
  • Lermoyez M. Traité des Affections de l´Oreille. Gaston Doin, Editeur, Paris. 1921.
  • Masip JA. Rudimentos de Otología. Ed. Heinrich y Cia, Madrid. 1909.
  • McFarlan D. Testing for Otosclerosis and a description of a quantitative Gellé test. J Laryngol Otol 1953;67:740-744.
  • Perelló J. Exploración audiofoniátrica. 2ª Ed. Barcelona. Editorial Científico-Médica. 1980.
  • Poch Viñal R. Exploración funcional auditiva. Ed. Paz Montalvo, Madrid. 1958.
  • Salztman M. Clinical audiology. New York: Grune-Stratton. 1949.
  • Sheeshy JL, Gardner G Jr, Hambley SM. Tuning fok test in modern otology. Arch otolaryngol 1971;94:132-138.
  • Shambaugh G Jr. Papers on diagnosis and treatment of the ear: sensorineural consideration after 100 year. Trans Am Otolaryngol Soc 1968;61:167.
  • Tschiassny K. Tuning fork test. Ann Otol 1946;55:423-430.

                                               

   Capítulo 3. Instrumentos y medidas para la práctica de la audiometría.

  • Binkmann K, Richter U. Free-field sensitivity level of audiometric earphones to be used for speech audiometer calibration. Scand Audiol. 1989;18(2):75-81. (Pub-Med)
  • Brogan FA. Audiometer hearing-level attenuator linearity calibration check technique. Aerosp Med. 1970;41(8):915-7.
  • Coles RR. A noise-attenuating enclosure for audiometer earphones. Br J Ind Med. 1967;24(1):41-51.
  • Cudworth al. Using the sound level meter to evaluate audiometer performance. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1961;22:160-9.
  • Fellendorf GW. Bell's audiometer.ASHA. 1976 Sep;18(9):563-5.
  • Gauz MT, Smith MM, Hinkle RR. The simplified HF E-800 high-frequency audiometer: clinical applications.J Aud Res. 1986;26(2):121-34. (Pub-Med)
  • Haughton PM. Audiometer calibration.Br J Audiol. 1987;21(1):80-1.
  • Haughton PM. Audiometer calibration: applying the earphone to the coupler. Br J Audiol. 1995;29(3):188-91.
  • Lankford JE, Evans MP. A comparative study of alternative bone-conduction calibration methods. Ear Hear. 1981;2(4):139-42. (Pub-Med)
  • Laukli E, Mair IW. High-frequency audiometry. Normative studies and preliminary experiences. Scand Audiol. 1985;14(3):151-8. (Pub-Med) 
  • Lightfoot GR. Audiometer calibration: interpreting and applying the standards. Br J Audiol. 2000;34(5):311-6. (Pub-Med)
  • Martin MC. The R.N.I.D. audiometer calibration scheme. J Laryngol Otol. 1967;81(8):833-47.    Mester AF, Stephens SD. Development of the audiometer and audiometry. Audiology. 1984;23(2):206-14. (Pub-Med)
  • Nober EH. The international standard organization calibration of the pure tone audiometer.Except Child. 1966;33(2):107-11.
  • Plyler PN, Hill AB, Trine TD. The effects of expansion on the objective and subjective performance of hearing instrument users.J Am Acad Audiol. 2005;16(2):101-13. (Pub-Med)
  • Pulec JL, Urban JC. A new miniaturized audiometer. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1972;76(4):1022-3.
  • Rice CG, Coles RR. Comments on the lack of standardization in calibration of the audiometer earphones most commonly used in Great Britain. J Laryngol Otol. 1967;81(8):829-32.
  • Roach RE, Carhart R. A clinical method for calibrating the bone-conduction audiometer. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1956;63(3):270-8.
  • Sakabe N, Miyashita Y, Itami E. A computerized automatic audiometer. Med Inform (Lond). 1981;6(4):285-91.
  • Sakabe N, Hirai Y, Itami E. Modification and application of the computerized automatic audiometer. Scand Audiol. 1978;7(2):105-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Smith PA, Foster JR. Audiometer calibration: two neglected areas. Br J Audiol. 1997t;31(5):359-64. (Pub-Med)
  • Stephens SD. Hughes' audiometer. Br J Audiol Suppl. 1979;2:11-2.
  • Stephens SD. David Edward Hughes and his audiometer. J Laryngol Otol. 1979;93(1):1-6.
  • Stoney P, Hawke M. The first audiometer: a Welsh connection. J Otolaryngol. 1991;20(2):144.
  • Tait CA. Implications of proposed changes in audiometer calibration specifications. Wis Med J. 1967;66(3):142-3.

                                                

   Capítulo 4. Audiometría tonal liminar.

  • Aller GW, Fernández C. The mechanism of bone conduction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1960;69:5-28.
  • Bragg VC, Collins FG. Audiometer modification and pulse-tone technic for pure-tone threshold determination. SAM-TR-68-91.Tech Rep SAM-TR. 1968;1-5.
  • Bragg VC, Collins FG. Audiometer modification and pulse-tone technique for pure-tone threshold determination. Aerosp Med. 1969;40(1):9-11.
  • Bromwich MA, Parsa V, Lanthier N, Yoo J, Parnes LS. Active noise reduction audiometry: a prospective analysis of a new approach to noise management in audiometric testing. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(1):104-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Catlin FI. Studies of normal hearing. Audiology. 1984;23(3):241-52.
  • Crepaldi de Almeida EO, Nishimori AY. Phone positioning influence in high-frequency audiometry. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed). 2006;72(5):691-8. (Pub-Med)
  • Choi JM, Lee HB, Park CS, Oh SH, Park KS. PC-based tele-audiometry. Telemed J E Health. 2007;13(5):501-8. (Pub-Med)
  • DiGiovanni JJ, Repka JN. Response method in audiometry. Am J Audiol. 2007;16(2):145-8. (Pub-Med)
  • Fausti SA, Rappaport BZ, Schechter MA, Frey RH. An investigation of the validity of high-frequency audition. J Acoust Soc Am. 1982;71(3):646-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Flottorp G. Effects of noise upon the upper frequence limit of hearing. Acta Otolaryngol 1973;73:329-331.
  • Frank T. High-frequency hearing thresholds in young adults using a commercially available audiometer. Ear Hear. 1990;11(6):450-4. (Pub-Med)
  • Goldstein B, Shulman A, Kisiel D. Electrical high-frequency audiometry. Preliminary medical audiologic experience. Audiology. 1987;26(6):321-31. (Pub-Med) 
  • Green DM, Kidd G Jr, Stevens KN. High-frequency audiometric assessment of a young adult population. J Acoust Soc Am. 1987;81(2):485-94. (Pub-Med)
  • Guelke RW, Floyd JD, van Zyl FJ. The effect of frequency tolerance on audiometer accuracy. S Afr Med J. 1977;3;52(24):973-7.
  • Hajts G, Miskolczy Fodor F. The difference limen for intensity at threshold; its clinical examination by standard audiometer, its significance in the diagnosis and its behaviour in different types of deafness. Acta Med Acad Sci Hung. 1956;9(4):245-72.
  • Hood L, Berlin ChI, Parkins ChW. Medición del sonido. Clinicas Otorrinolaringológicas de Norteamérica. 1991;2:223-243
  • Iriz A, Cagli K, Gocer C, Dursun E, Korkmaz H, Eryilmaz A. Effects of open heart surgery on hearing thresholds measured by high frequency audiometry. J Laryngol Otol. 2007;26;:1-4. (Pub-Med) 
  • Ising H, Babisch W, Dziombowski D, von Arentsschild O, Fischer R. High-frequency audiometry using precision earphones: reliability under laboratory and field conditions. Audiology. 1986;25(1):1-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Kidd G Jr, Mason CR, Rohtla TL. Binaural advantage for sound pattern identification. J Acoust Soc Am. 1995;98(4):1977-86. (Pub-Med) 
  • Koene A, Arnold D, Johnston A. Bimodal sensory discrimination is finer than dual single modality discrimination. J Vis. 2007;7(11):14.1-11. (Pub-Med)
  • Kirchner JA, Haggart HH. A skin resistance audiometer.AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1950;52(6):952-6.
  • Krumm M, Ribera J, Klich R. Providing basic hearing tests using remote computing technology. J Telemed Telecare. 2007;13(8):406-10. (Pub-Med) 
  • Lieberth AK, Martin DR. The instructional effectiveness of a web-based audiometry simulator. J Am Acad Audiol. 2005;16(2):79-84. (Pub-Med) 
  • Löppönen H. High-frequency audiometry. Masking in electric bone-conduction audiometry. Scand Audiol. 1992;21(1):31-5. (Pub-Med) 
  • Löppönen H, Sorri M, Bloigu R. High-frequency air-conduction and electric bone-conduction audiometry. Age and sex variations. Scand Audiol. 1991;20(3):181-9. (Pub-Med) 
  • Muchnik C, Hildesheimer M, Rubinstein M, Sadeh M, Shegter Y, Shibolet B. Minimal time interval in auditory temporal resolution. J Aud Res. 1985;25(4):239-46. (Pub-Med)
  • Olsen WO, Ness AB. Signal monitor for audiometry. J Speech Hear Disord. 1978;43(2):173-5.
  • Osterhammel D. High frequency audiometry. Clinical aspects. Scand Audiol. 1980;9(4):249-56. (Pub-Med)
  • Saunders GH, Field DL, Haggard MP. A clinical test battery for obscure auditory dysfunction (OAD): development, selection and use of tests. Br J Audiol. 1992;26(1):33-42. (Pub-Med)
  • Stelmachowicz PG, Beauchaine KA, Kalberer A, Jesteadt W. Normative thresholds in the 8- to 20-kHz range as a function of age. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989;86(4):1384-91. (Pub-Med)
  • Stelmachowicz PG, Beauchaine KA, Kalberer A, Kelly WJ, Jesteadt W. High-frequency audiometry: test reliability and procedural considerations. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989;85(2):879-87. (Pub-Med) 
  • Tyler RS. Measuring hearing loss in the future. Br J Audiol Suppl. 1979 Nov;2:29-40. (Pub-Med)
  • Tondorf J, Kurman B. High frequemncy audiometry. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984;93:576-582.
  • Wright R, Spanner M, Martin M. Pilot experiments with a reaction time audiometer. Br J Audiol. 1981;15(4):275-81.

                                              

  Capítulo 5. Ensordecimiento.

  • Bekesy GV. A contribution to the physiology of bone conduction. Acta Otolaryngol 1938;supl 26.
  • Grantham DW, Bacon SP. Binaural modulation masking. J Acoust Soc Am. 1991;89(3):1340-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Hall JW 3rd, Grose JH, Hartmann WM. The masking-level difference in low-noise noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1998;103:2573-7. (Pub-Med)
  • Hamid MA, Brookler KH. Audiometry: masking. Ear Nose Throat J. 2006;85(10):646-7. (Pub-Med)
  • Hornsby BW, Ricketts TA. Effects of noise source configuration on directional benefit using symmetric and asymmetric directional hearing aid fittings. Ear Hear. 2007;28(2):177-86. (Pub-Med) 
  • Konig E. The use of masking noise and its limitation in clinical audiometry. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1963;180:1-64. (Pub-Med)
  • Lenhardt ML, Goldstein BA, Shulman A. Binaural hearing, atresia, and the masking dilemma. Int Tinnitus J. 2006;12(2):96-100. (Pub-Med) 
  • Markle DM, Fowler EP, Moulonguet H. The audiometer Weber test as a means of determining the need for the type of, masking. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1952;61(3):888-900.
  • McDonald JM. Frequency selectivity in normal-hearing listeners using a sweep, frequency-modulated masker: a preliminary report. Ear Hear. 1983;4(4):209-11. (Pub-Med) 
  • Nelson DA, Stanton ME. Frequency discrimination at 1200 Hz in the presence of high-frequency masking noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1982;71(3):660-4. (Pub-Med)
  • Palva T, Palva A. Masking audiometry with self-recording audiometer. I. Normal hearing. Acta Otolaryngol. 1961;53:405-12.
  • Palva T, Palva A. Masking in audiometry. III. Reflections upon the present position. Acta Otolaryngol. 1962 Jun;54:521-31. (Pub-Med)
  • Saoji AA, Eddins DA. Spectral modulation masking patterns reveal tuning to spectral envelope frequency. J Acoust Soc Am. 2007;122(2):1004-13. (Pub-Med) 
  • Schoeny ZG, Goetzinger CP, Knox AW. Some effects of bone-conducted masking. J Speech Hear Res. 1965;8(3):253-61. (Pub-Med)
  • Taha M, Beih AA. The problem of masking in audiometry. J Egypt Med Assoc. 1971;54(2):145-9. (Pub-Med)
  • Tobias JV. Noise audiometer. J Speech Hear Res. 1972;15(4):781-7.
  • Tzaneva L. Biological significance of the zoning of the masking effect of noise, related to the adaptive capacities of the auditory analyzer for speech communication. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1998;6(4):291-2. (Pub-Med)
  • Tsaneva L. Masking effect of music upon oral information processing. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2003;11(3):173-5. (Pub-Med)
  • Weston PB. Bone conduction and noise masking. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1965;Suppl 204:1. (Pub-Med)

                                             

  Capítulo 6. Audiometría automática.

  • Bangs TE. Testing for auditory sensitivity at threshold using a Bekesy audiometer. Laryngoscope. 1962;72:387-403.
  • Bekesy GV. Exriments in hearing. McGraw-Jill, New York. 1960.    Brogan FA. A semiautomatic audiometer utilizing pattern adjustment in 2.5-decibel steps. SAM-TR-65-36. Tech Rep SAM-TR. 1965;1-7.
  • Corso JF. Evaluation of operating conditions on a Békésy-type audiometer. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1955;61(6):649-53.
  • Corso JF, Wilson JF. Additional variables on the Bekésy-type audiometer. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1957;66(6):719-28.
  • Ehmer RH, Ehmer BJ. Frequency pattern of residual masking by pure tones measured on the Békésy audiometer. J Acoust Soc Am. 1969;46(6):1445-8.
  • Ewertsen HW, Filling S, Terkildsen K, Thomsen KA: Les tests compares de recruitment. Valeur de quelques méthodes anciennes et nouvelles. Acta Oto-Laryng 1957; sup 140:116-122.
  • Guaz MT, Allen DV. High-frequency Bekesy audiometry: IV. Normative aspects for normal-hearing young adult. J Aud Res. 1983;23(1):43-55. (Pub-Med) 
  • Gauz MT, Smith MM. High-frequency Bekesy audiometry: VI. Pulsed vs. continuous signals. J Aud Res. 1987;27(1):37-52. (Pub-Med)
  • Grisanti G. An automatic test for frequency discrimination. Br J Audiol. 1987;21(3):233-7. (Pub-Med)
  • González M, Cobo J. Audiometría automática de Bekesy en sujetos de edad avanzada. Anales Iber-Amer 1975;4:311-325.
  • Gosztongi RE, Sataloff J, Vasallo LA. Audiometric reliability in industry. Arch Environ Health 1971; 22:113-118.
  • Hill WS, Ventry IM, Woods RW, Rubin M. Tone decay testing with a modified Bekesy audiometer. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972;95(3):269-71.
  • Ivarsson A, Erlandsson B, Håkanson H, Nilsson P. Advantages with a new Bekesy audiometer in the measurement of noise induced hearing loss. Scand Audiol Suppl. 1980;(Suppl 12):265-72.
  • Lankford JE, Meissner WA. The manual lot test. J Am Audiol Soc. 1977;2(6):219-22.
  • Lierle DM, Reger SN. Further studies of threshold shifts as measured with the békésy-type audiometer. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1954;63(3):772-84.
  • Price LL. Threshold testing with bekesy audiometer. J Speech Hear Res. 1963;6:64-9.
  • Reger SN. A clinical and research version of the bekesy audiometer. Laryngoscope. 1952;62(12):1333-51.
  • Reger SN, Voots RJ, Watson JE. Use of the bekesy audiometer in the measurement of cochlear microphonics. Trans Am Lryngol Rhinol Otol Soc. 1964;44:715-8.
  • Sekuler R, Tynan P. Rapid measurement of contrast-sensitivity functions. Am J Optom Physiol Pt. 1977;54(8):573-5.
  • Von Békésy G. A new audiometer. Acta Ololaryngologica 1947;35:411-422.