Capítulo 1 Anatomía.
- Abboud B. Anatomie topographique et vascularisation arterièlle des parathyroïdes. Presse Med 1996; 25:1156-1161.
- Dedeurwaerdere F, Van Damme B. Histopathology of the parathyroid glands. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2001;55:95-101.
- Geis N. The Parathyroids Glands. Annals of Surgery: April 1908; 47(4):523-531.
- Lengele B, Hamoir M. Anatomy and embryology of the parathyroid glands. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2001;55:89-93.
- Miller FR. Surgical anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2003; 36(1):1-7.
- Radek T, Piasecki T. The topographical anatomy and arterial supply of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2004; 63:163-71.
- Weller GL.The development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 443, Contributions to Embryology 1933;24, 93-139.
Capítulo 2 Fisiología.
- Broadus AE. Metabolismo mineral. En: Felig P et al, eds. Endocrinología y metabolismo. Madrid: McGraw-Hill; 1981; 1024-139.
- Chen RA, Goodman WG. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid gland physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004; 286:F1005-11.
- Clement B. Parathyroid pathophysiology. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998: 7:186-92.
- Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Maeda S, Kobayashi A. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in parathyroid tissue under normal and pathological conditions. Histol Histopathol. 2002; 17:179-84.
- Lozano Tonkin, C. Paratiroides y Metabolismo calciofósforo. P. Endocrinología y Nutrición.Tomo I. Madrid: Ed. Luzán 1990;5.
- Miao D, He B, Karaplis AC, Goltzman D. Parathyroid hormone is essential for normal fetal bone formation. J Clin Invest. 2002; 109:1173-82.
- Sakwe AM, Larsson M, Rask L. Involvement of protein kinase C-alpha and -epsilon in extracellular Ca(2+) signalling mediated by the calcium sensing receptor. Exp Cell Res. 2004; 15;297:560-73.
- Ward DT. Calcium receptor-mediated intracellular signalling. Cell Calcium. 2004; 35:217-28.
Capítulo3 Exploración.
- Berná LL, Piera J, Rodríguez-Espinosa J, Caixás A, Puig-Domingo M, Farrerons J et al. Exploración isotópica con 99mTc-sestamibi en doble fase en la localización de lesiones de las glándulas paratiroides. Med Clin 1999; 112: 201-5.
- Futami S. Parathyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and 123I subtraction: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. Nucl Med Commun. 2003; 24:755-62.
- Haber RS, Kim CK, Inabnet WB. Ultrasonography for preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism: comparison with (99m)technetium sestamibi scintigraphy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002; 57:241-9.
- Liu F, Gnepp DR, Pisharodi LR. Fine needle aspiration of parathyroid lesions. Acta Cytol. 2004; 48:133-6.
- NIH conference: diagnosis and management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: consensus development conference statement. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 593-7.
- Panzironi G, Falvo L, De Vargas Macciucca M, Catania A, Sorrenti S, Biancafarina A, De Cristofaro F, Ricci F, De Antoni E. Preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism: role of diagnostic imaging. Chir Ital. 2002; 54:629-34.
- Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:2411-24.
- Tseng FY, Hsiao YL, Chang TC. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of parathyroid lesions. A review of 72 cases. Acta Cytol. 2002; 46:1029-36.
- Wakamatsu H, Noguchi S, Yamashita H, Yamashita H, Tamura S, Jinnouchi S, Nagamachi S, Sekiyama K, Akakura K, Mikami K, Mizoguchi K, Tobe T, Nakano K, Numata T, Konno A, Ito H. Usefulness of diagnostic imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism. Int J Urol. 2003; 10:7-11.
- Senchenkov A, Staren ED. Ultrasound in head and neck surgery: thyroid, parathyroid, and cervical lymph nodes. Surg Clin North Am. 2004; 84:973-1000.
- Soffermann R, Nathan M, Fairbank J, et al. Preoperative technetium Tc99m sestamibi imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head NeckSurg1996;122:369-74.
- Spanu A, Falchi A, Manca A, Marongiu P, Cossu A, Pisu N, Chessa F, Nuvoli S, Madeddu G. The usefulness of neck pinhole SPECT as a complementary tool to planar scintigraphy in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. J Nucl Med. 2004; 45:40-8.
Capítulo 4 Hiperparatiroidismo.
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Akerstrom G, Hellman P. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Curr Opin Oncol. 2004;16:1-7.
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Bileziquian J., Marcus R., Levine M. The Parathyroids: Basic and Clinical concepts. Edition 2°, New York: Raven. 2001, 881 pages.
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Chang CW, Tsue TT, et al. Efficacy of preoperative dualphase sestamibi scanning in hyperparathyroidism. American Journal of Otolaryngology2000;21(6):355-9.
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al-Fehaily M, Clark OH. Persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Ital Chir. 2003; 74:423-34.
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Khati N, Adamson T, Johnson KS, Hill MC. Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Ultrasound Q. 2003;19:162-76.
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Lam KY, Chan AC, Lo CY. Parathyroid adenomas with pronounced lymphocytic infiltration: no evidence of autoimmune pathogenesis. Endocr Pathol. 2000;11:77-84.
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Penner CR, Thompson LD. Primary parathyroid hyperplasia. Ear Nose Throat J. 2003; 82:363.
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Ryan JA Jr, Lee FT.Maximizing outcomes while minimizing exploration in hyperparathyroidism using localization tests. Arch Surg. 2004;139:838-42.
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Silver J, Kilav R, Naveh-Many T. Mechanisms of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002; 283:F367-76.
Capítulo 5 Hipoparatioidismo.
- Barber PJ. Disorders of the parathyroid glands. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(4):259-69.
- Garfield N, Karaplis AC. Genetics and animal models of hypoparathyroidism.Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12:288-94.
- Nazal EM, Belmatoug N, de Roquancourt A, Lefort A, Fantin B. Hypoparathyroidism preceding Riedel's thyroiditis. Eur J Intern Med. 2003;14:202-204.
- Pallotti F, Seregni E, Ferrari L, Martinetti A, Biancolini D, Bombardieri E. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism.Tumori. 2003; 89:547-9.
- Tank SJ, Malik S, Joshi SM, Gaval MA, Varthakavi P. Familial hypoparathyroidism. Indian Pediatr. 1999; 36:714-7.
- Taylor SC, Morris G, Wilson D, Davies SJ, Gregory JW. Hypoparathyroidism and 22q11 deletion syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 2003; 88:520-2.
Capítulo 6 Cirugía de las paratiroides.
- Agarwal G, Barraclough BH, Reeve TS, Delbridge LW. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using the 'focused' lateral approach. II. Surgical technique. ANZ J Surg. 2002; 72:147-51.
- Arveschoug AK, Brochner-Mortensen J, Bertelsen H, Vammen B. Supernumerary parathyroid glands in recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Nucl Med. 2002; 27:599-601.
- Clark OH. Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism. En: Proceedings, 4th International Conference on head and NeckCancer. Madison, Wiscoson: Omnipress, 1996;412-8.
- Chen H, Mack E, Starling JR. Radioguided parathyroidectomy is equally effective for both adenomatous and hyperplastic glands. Ann Surg. 2003;238:332-7.
- Dedivitis RA, Guimaraes AV. Contact endoscopy for intraoperative parathyroid identification. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112:242-5.
- Delattre J.F., Flament J.B., Palot J.P., Pluot M. Les variations des parathyroïdes. Journal de Chirurgie 1982; 119 (11): 633-641.
- Estella E, Leong MS, Bennett I, Hartley L, Wetzig N, Archibald CA, Harper JS, Cuneo RC. Parathyroid hormone venous sampling prior to reoperation for primary hyperparathyroidism. ANZ J Surg. 2003; 73:800-5.
- Ferlito A, Pellitteri PK, Robbins KT, Shaha AR, Kowalski LP, Silver CE, Anniko M, Rinaldo A, Medina JE, Bradley PJ, Byers RM. Management of the neck in cancer of the major salivary glands, thyroid and parathyroid glands. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002;122:673-8.
- Gaspari G, Camandona M, Abona CG, Papotti M, Jeantet A, Radice E. Secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Causes of recurrent disease after 446 parathyroidectomies. Ann Surg 2001; 233:65-69.
- Gavilán C, Gavilán J, Tomás MD. Consideraciones técnicas y resultados en la cirugía del hiperparatiroidismo. Anales de Otorrinolaringología 1986; 3:1777-1782.
- Lo CY, Lam KY. Routine parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. Surgery. 2001;129:318-23.
- Inabnet WB 3rd, Kim CK, Haber RS, Lopchinsky RA. Radioguidance is not necessary during parathyroidectomy. Arch Surg. 2002;137:967-70.
- Inabnet WB 3rd, Dakin GF, Haber RS, Rubino F, Diamond EJ, Gagner M. Targeted parathyroidectomy in the era of intraoperative parathormone monitoring. World J Surg. 2002;26:921-5.
- Jimenez-Montero JG, Lobo-Hernandez E, Picado-Larios A, Molina MA.Secondary hyperparathyroidism after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Endocr Pract. 2002; 8:429-32.
- Jofre R, Lopez Gomez JM, Menarguez J, Polo JR, Guinsburg M, Villaverde T, Perez Flores I, Carretero D, Rodriguez Benitez P, Perez Garcia R. Parathyroidectomy: whom and when? Kidney Int Suppl. 2003; 85::S97-100.
- Kaplan EL, Salti GI, Hara H, Ito K. Results and complications of the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Ital Chir1993;64:365-70.
- Mack LA, Pasieka JL.. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: a surgical perspective. Surg Clin North Am. 2004; 84:803-16.
- Malinvaud D, Potard G, Fortun C, Saraux A, Jezequel JA, Marianowski R. Management of primary hyperthyroidism: toward minimal access surgery. Joint Bone Spine. 2004; 71:111-6.
- Russell C. Unilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. Surg Clin North Am. 200; 84:705-16.
- Sitges-Serra A., Sancho J. Cirugía Endocrina. Guías Clínicas de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos.
- Sokoll LJ, Drew H, Udelsman R. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone analysis. A study of 200 consecutive cases. Clinics of Chemistry 2000;46(10):1662-68.
- Soomro MS, Moizuddin. Role of methylene blue infusion in per-operative localization of parathyroid glands. J Pak Med Assoc. 2004;54:199-202.
- Toledano A, De diego JI, Bernaldez R, Gavilán J, Resultados de la cirugía del hiperparatiroidismo. Act Otorrinolaringol Esp 1997; 48: 551-555.
- Westreich RW, Brandwein M, Mechanick JI, Bergman DA, Urken ML. Preoperative parathyroid localization: correlating false-negative technetium 99m sestamibi scans with parathyroid disease. Laryngoscope. 2003; 113:567-72.
- Zaraca F, Mazzaferro S, Catarci M, Saputelli A, Alo P, Carboni M. Prospective evaluation of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Surg. 1999; 134:68-72.
Capítulo 7 Oncología.
- Agrawal R, Agarwal A, Kar DK, Agarwal G, Jain M, Krishnani N, Gupta S, Mithal A, Mishra SK. Parathyroid carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001; 49:990-3.
- August DA, Flynn SD, Jones MA, et al.: Parathyroid carcinoma: the relationship of nuclear DNA content to clinical outcome. Surgery 1993; 113: 290-6.
- Bondeson L, Sandelin K, Grimelius L: Histopathological variables and DNA cytometry in parathyroid carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17: 820-9.
- Bolaños Gil de Montes F, Duron Huerta H, Gonzalez Ortiz M, Vazquez Camacho G, Ramos Solano F. Comparison of three prognostic indexes in differentiated thyroid cancer. Rev Invest Clin. 1999; 51:285-8.
- Calandra DB, Chejfec G, Foy BK, et al.: Parathyroid carcinoma: biochemical and pathologic response to DTIC. Surgery 1984; 96:1132-7.
- Clark OH, Way LW, Hunt TK: Recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg 1976; 184: 391-402.
- Cryns VL, Thor A, Xu HJ, et al.: Loss of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene in parathyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 757-61.
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De Quervain VF. Parastruma maligna aberrata..Deut Zschr Chir, 100 (1909), pp. 334-52
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- Heerden van JA , Weiland LH, ReMine WH, et al.: Cancer of the parathyroid glands. Arch Surg 1979; 114: 475-80.
- Jansson S, Tisell LE, Lindstedt G, et al.: Disodium pamidronate in the preoperative treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 1991; 110: 480-6.
- Kebebew E. Parathyroid carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2001; 2:347-54.
- Morrison C, Farrar W, Kneile J, Williams N, Liu-Stratton Y, Bakaletz A, Aldred MA, Eng C. Molecular classification of parathyroid neoplasia by gene expression profiling. Am J Pathol. 2004;165:565-76.
- Obara T, Fujimoto Y: Diagnosis and treatment of patients with parathyroid carcinoma: an update and review. World J Surg 1991; 15: 738-44.
- Obara T, Okamoto T, Ito Y, et al.: Surgical and medical management of patients with pulmonary metastasis from parathyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1993; 114:: 1040-8.
- Ou HY, Hung CJ, Hsu WH, Yu EH, Wu TJ. Variability of clinical presentations in three cases of parathyroid carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003;102:266-9.
- Palnaes Hansen C, Lau Pedersen M, Christensen L: Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of parathyroid cancer. A report of eight patients. Eur J Surg 1991; 157: 517-20.
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Rawat N, Khetan N, Williams DW, Baxter JN. Parathyroid carcinoma. Br J Surg, 2005; 92:1345-53
- Sandelin K, Auer G, Bondeson L, et al.: Prognostic factors in parathyroid cancer: a review of 95 cases. World J Surg 1992; 16: 724-31.
- Sandelin K, Tullgren O, Farnebo LO: Clinical course of metastatic parathyroid cancer. World J Surg 1994; 18: 594-8.
- Vetto JT, Brennan MF, Woodruf J, et al.: Parathyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and clinical history. Surgery 1993;114: 882-92.
- Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, et al.: Intraoperative radiotherapy in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 1985; 150: 485-7.
- Warrell RP Jr, Israel R, Frisone M, et al.: Gallium nitrate for acute treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia. A randomized, double-blind comparison to calcitonin. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 669-74.
- Wassif WS, Moniz CF, Friedman E, et al.: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism: a distinct genetic entity with an increased risk of parathyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 1485-9.