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 Nervus glossopharyngeus: IX par craneal. Es un nervio mixto, de componente principalmente sensitivo, su área comprende la nasofaringe, orofaringe y porción alta de la hipofaringe, trompa de Eustaquio, caja del tímpano y parte inferior del CAE.El nervio emerge del bulbo por medio de un haz de raicillas por delante del vago. El glosofaríngeo, vago y accesorio abandonan el craneo por el mismo orificio, el foramen yugular y entonces se distribuyen periféricamente. El IX tiene un componente sensitivo con los cuerpos celulares situados en el ganglio petroso inferior (cuyas prolongaciones centrales terminan en el núcleo solitario) y el pequeño ganglio superior (cuyas fibras terminan en el tracto espinal del trigémino). También recibe el nervio de Hering del cuerpo carotídeo. Las fibras somáticas eferentes derivan del núcleo ambiguo, las viscerales eferentes del nucleo salivar inferior. Estas fibras contribuyen a la inervación motora de la musculatura estriada de la faringe (principalmente el estilofasríngeo, que eleva la faringe) y las glándulas en la mucosa faríngea.
<(F.): Nerf glosso-pharyngien: est un nerf à la fois moteur et sensitif. Les expériences de Chauveau et de Klein ont montré qu'il en était ainsi dès son origine, et ont confirmé ainsi l'étude anatomo-microscopique du nerf, en effet, il possède deux racines bulbaires, une avant son origine dans le noyau basilaire, prolongement de la corne postérieure (sensitive), l'autre dans le noyau latéral, prolongement de la corne antérieure (motrice). Ce nerf est à la fois sensitif, moteur et vaso-dilatateur. Le nerf de la neuvième paire sort du bulbe dans la partie supérieure du sillon latéral, entre l'auditif et le pneumogastrique, traverse le crâne par le trou déchiré postérieur et s'anastomose, avec, le pneumogastrique, le facial, le grand sympathique. Le glosso-pharyngien donne la sensibilité générale à une partie de la langue, en arrière et y compris le V lingual et au pharynx ; il est le conducteur sensitif des réflexes de déglutition. L'action motrice du glosso-pharyngien est circonscrite au pharynx, aux muscles des piliers; quant au voile du palais, il ne paraît recevoir aucune innervation motrice de ce nerf, mais uniquement des terminaisons sensitives. Le glosso-pharvgien renferme des vaso-dilatateurs pour la base de la langue (Vulpian), mais ces fibres proviennent du rameau carotidien du ganglion cervical supérieur du sympathique.  <(In.): Glossopharyngeal nerve: XI cranial nerve, sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. Origin: scattered nuclei groups in the medulla. Course and distribution: is both sensory and motor. It emerges from its medullary roots as rootlets, which issue from the interval between the olive in the inferior cerebellar peduncle, just above the rootlets of the vagus. It then enters the anterior compartment of the jugular foramen, lateral to the inferior petrosal sinus. It is separated from the vagus nerve in the jugular foramen by a fibrous dura mater septum. After perforating the dura an arachnoid mater, it becomes distended into its superior and inferior petrous (glossopharyngeal) ganglia. It then runs on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery and curves on the lateral border of the stylopharyngeus, after giving its muscular branch to that muscle. It now arches forwards below the lower border of the superior constrictor and then behind the posterior border of the hyoglossus in order to reach the posterior 1/3 of tongue, which it sinks into.Sensory: Its sensory origin is from the medullary part of the spinal nucleus and tract of V, which provide general sensation to the tympanic cavity, and also from the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, which mediates taste from the oropharynx and the posterior 1/3 of tongue. The sensory fibers are provided with two relay centres, which are referred to as the superior (glossopharyngeal) ganglion and the inferior (glossopharyneal) ganglion. The superior ganglion has the cell bodies of the sensory fibers of the somatic system, while the inferior has the cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons, which mediate taste and general sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and the oropharynx. Motor: Its motor root is from two main sources. The first is the rostral extension of the inferior salivatory nucleus, which provides preganglionic secretomotor fibers to the glands scattered in the oropharynx and also to the parotid gland. The other motor component supplies the only muscle derived from the third pharyngeal arch, which is the stylopharyngeus. It is from the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla. These fibers will relay in the otic ganglion and their postganglionic fibers enter the branches of that ganglion. Branches: Meningeal branches; Tympanic (Jacobson’s) nerve; Lesser petrosal nerve; Carotid sinus nerve; Pharyngeal branches; Muscular branch to stylopharyngeus; Tonsillar branches; Lingual branches. Fontional components: GSA fibers, which are for somatic sensation at the tympanic cavity. GVA fibers, which are for visceral (autonomic) sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and oropharynx. GVE fibers, which are secretomotor fibers for the parotid gland and gland in the oropharynx and the posterior 1/3 of tongue. SVA fibers, which are for taste from the posterior 1/ 3 of tongue and oropharynx. They will relay in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. SVE fibers, which arise from the nucleus ambiguus to the stylopharyngeus, derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch. Root: Motor nucleus from the cranial part of the nucleus ambiguus and the rostral aspect of the inferior salivatory nucleus. The sensory components of the nerve have their roots in the spinal tract and nucleus of V (general sensation) and the nucleus of tractus solitarius (taste).
ANATOMIA: FUENTES DE INFORMACION BIOMEDICA: IMAGENES: TERMINOS RELACIONADOS:
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