TEMA 48 – AMIGDALITIS AGUDAS

Dr. Jesús GA Ruiz.

Capítulo 1. Introducción.

-          Atlas de Patología Respiratoria. Editorial Médica Internacional, S.A; 1983.p.225. Patología orofaringea.

-          Pratt LW. Infections of the lymphoid tissue. In: English Otolaryn-gology, vol 3, chap 27. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1992.

-          Paparella M, Shumrick D, Gluckman J, Meyerhoff W. Otorrinolaringología. Buenos Aires; Panamericana;1994.

-          Tonsils and Adenoids Guideliness for Parents. Elk Grove Village, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994.

-          Clot J..L'immunologie en quiestions.Editado por Laboratoires INAVA – Francia;1994.

-          Ramírez Camacho R. Manual de Otorrinolaringología. Madrid: McGrawHill; 1998.

-          Riera A, Trinidad J. Patología inflamatoria de las vías altas aerodigestivas en el niño. Suárez C, Gil-Carcedo LMª, Marco J, Medina J, Ortega P, Trinidad J, editors. Tratado de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. 1st ed. Proyectos Médicos SL: Madrid; 2000. p.1739-1756.

-          Rivera García M, Rodríguez Pacheco A, Torres Expósito JA. Manual del Residente de O.R.L y Patología Cérvico-Facial. Madrid:IM&C;2002.

 

Capítulo 2. fisiopatología y etiopatogenia.

-          Nacleiro RM, Kornblut AD..Papel inmunológico de las amígdalas. Clínicas Otorrinolaringológicas de Norteamérica 1985, Vol4/. Editorial Interamericana.

-          Carbbonaro V, et al. Tonsillite cronica dell'eta pediatrica: studio batteriologico in rapporto al tratamento con benzatin.penicillina e ruolo della flora batterica  nell'ipertrofia tonsillare. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 1991;11:497.

-          Yokoyama Y. et al. Superoxide production by neutrophils in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Nippon. Jibiinkoka. Gakkai. Kaiho 1994;97:2259.

-          Kanamoto Y, et al. Effect of tonsillectomy on peripheral blood T cell surface markers and cytokine production in patients with IgA nephropathy accompanied by chronic tonsillitis. Nipon. Jinzo. Gakkai. Shi. 1994:36:1296.

-          Koch RJ; Brodsky L. Qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin production by specific bacteria in chronic tonsillar disease. Laryngoscope 1995:105(1):42.

-          Pessey JJ. Inflammation and acute pharyngo-tonsillitis. Presse Med. 2001;22-29;30(39-40 Pt 2):55-8.

-          Dabrowski MP, Stankiewicz W, Plusa T, Chcialowski A, Szmigielski S. Competition of IL-1 and IL-1ra determines lymphocyte response to delayed stimulation with PHA.Mediators Inflamm. 2001;10(3):101-7.

 

Capítulo 3. Etiología.

-          Brook I. et al. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in tonsils of children with recurrente tonsilitis. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol 1981;90: 261.

-          Brock I.; Foote P.A.Jr. Comparacion entre la microbiología de las amigdalitis de repetición en el niño y en el adulto. Laryngoscope 1986;96 (12):1385.

-          Fujimori I.; Yamada T. Incidencia del estreptococo alfa con actividad inhibitoria frente a los estreptococos beta en pacientes con amigdalitis. J. Laryngol. Jpn. 1992;95: 400.

-          Sánchez N. et al. Bacteriología amigdalar. ORL-dips  1992;1: 9.

-          Paradise JL. Etiology and management of pharyngitis and pharyn-gotonsillitis in children: Acurrent review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryn-gol Suppl 1992;155: 51-57.

-          Monsalve P. Estudio bacteriológico comparativo entre el frotis amigdalar y la flora intraparenquimatosa. ORL-dips 1993;3:117.

-          De Miguel Martínez. Aspectos microbiológicos y terapeúticos en la amigdalitis recurrente infantil. ORL-dips 1993;5: 212.

-          Suárez Nieto C. Factores epidemiológicos de la infecciones de las vías aerodigestivas superiores. 1993;5:221.

-          Hone SW. et al. The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in severe acute tonsillitis. J. Laryngol. Otol. 1994;108:135.

-          Muir DC. et al. Peritonsillar infection in Christcherch 1990-2: microbiology and menagement. N.Z. Med. J 1995;22:108.

 

Capítulo 4. Anatomía patológica.

-          Younis RT, Hesse SV, Anand VK. Evaluation of the utility and cost-effectiveness of obtaining histopathologic diagnosis on all routine tonsillectomy specimens. Laryngoscope. 200;111(12):2166-9.

 

Capítulo 6. Diagnóstico.

-          Cobo Elosua M.; Corral J. Nuestra experiencia en determinación de anticuerpos antiexoenzimas de estreptococ A. Gaceta Médica de Bilbao 1976;73(1):85.

-          Centor R.M. et al. Throat cultures and rapid tests for diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1986;105(6):892.

-          Gómez Rueda J.C. et al. Estudio comparativo de un fácil test de coagulación con los cultivos tradicionales para la detección de estreptococo beta-hemolítico del grupo A en orofaringe. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp. 1989;40(2):75.

-          Reyes H. et al. Diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis: clinical criteria or coagglutination? Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex. 1991;48(9):627.

-          Timon CI, Cafferkey MT, Walsh M. Fe-needle aspiration in recurrent tonsilitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;117; 653-6.

-          Andersen JS. et al. Dianosis of sore throat. A multipractice study of 3 different way of antigenic determination for detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs. Ugeskr. Laeger. 1994;14:156.

-          Ochoa C, Vilela M, Cueto M. Protocolo diagnóstico-terapeútico de la faringoamigdalitis aguda en la infancia. Bol Pediatr 1999;39:66-71.

-          García Callejo FJ, Blay Galaud L, Platero Zamarreno A, Velert Vila MM, Mallea Canizares I, Marco Algarra J. Detección de patología amigdalar mediante los niveles de superóxido dismutasa. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2000;51(8):713-8.

-          García Callejo FJ, Orts Alborch MH, Verlet Vila NM, Martínez Beneyto MP. Variaciones de la superóxido dismutasa salivar en la infección amigdalar. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2003;54:78-80.

 

Capítulo 7. Complicaciones loco-regionales.

-          Bonding P. Routine abscess tonsillectomy; late results. Laryngocopope 1976;86:286-290.

-          Haeggstrom A. et al. Bacteriología de las periamigdalitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1987;103(1-2):151.

-          Komatsu ES, Costa F, Marchese LT, Villari Filho S. Abscess of the mediastinum: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 1989;24(11):1125.

-          Dzhuzenova, B.S. et al. The detection of streptococci, the study of their inmunobiological properties and the determination of lipoproteinase antibodies and anti-inmunoglobulins in patinets with acute rheumatic fever. Revmatologia Mosk. 1991;3:11.

-          Gledovic Z, Radovanovic Z. History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Epidemiol 1991;7(6):612-5.

-          Hultcrantz E, Larson M, Hellquist R, et al. The influence of ton-sillar obstruction and tonsillectomy on facial growth and dental arch morphology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1991;22(2):125-134.

-          Carraza MA et al. Absceso periamigdalino posamigdalectomía. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer. 1992; XIX, 4: 323.

-          Maki Ikola O. et al. Group F beta-hemolytic streptococcus, tonsillutis and myocarditis. Sacand. J. Infect. Dis. 1994;26:753.

-          Tsubota H. et al. Efficacy of tonsillectomy for improving skin lesions of Postulosis palmaris et plantaris. Evaluation of 289 cases at the Departament of Otolaryngology of Sapporo Medical University. Nippon. Jibiinkoka. Gakkai. Kaiho 1994;97:1621.

-          Jawad J.; Blayney AW. Spontamneous tonsillar haemorrhage in acute tonsillitis. Laryngol. Otol. 1994;108:791.

-          Ohguro S et al. Tonsillectomy and osteoarthritic disease. Ohguro, S et al.  Nippon. Jibiinkoka. Gakkai. Kaiho 1994;97:1601.

-          Sakaguchi, M. et al. Computed tomographic fidings in peritonsillar abscess and celulitis. J. Laryngol. Otol. 1995;109:449.

-          Herzon FS, Harris P. Peritonsillar abscess: incidence, current management practices, and a proposal for treatment guidelines [Mosher Award thesis]. Laryngoscope 1995;105 (Suppl 74):1-17.

-          Beasley DJ, Amedee RG. Deep neck space infections. J. La. State. Med. Soc 1995;147(5): 181.

-          Apostolopoulos NJ. et al. Peritonsillar abscess in children. Is incision and drainage an effective management? Int. J. Pediatr. Otyorhinolaryngol. 1995;31:129.

-          Margalejo C et al. Abcseo periamigdalino: protocolo de tratamiento. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp.1995; 46(3):195.

-          Wolf M. et al. The indication for tonsillectomy in children following peritonsillar abscess. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol 1995;31:43.

-          Grijalba Uche M. Arruti González.I. Edema agudo de pulmón como complicación de adenoamigdalectomía. Aportación de dos casos. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1996;XXIII,3:243-247.

-          Liaw KL, Adami J, Gridley G, Nyren O, Linet MS. Risk of Hodgkin's disease subsequent to tonsillectomy: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 1997;72(5):711-3.

-          Cannon CR, Chambers A. Peritonsillar abscess in childrens. J Miss State Assoc 1999;40:78-80.

-          Ikram M, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Siddiqui T, Mian MY. The histopathology of routine tonsillectomy specimens: results of a study and review of literature. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000;79(11):880-2.

 

Capítulo 8. Complicaciones generales.

-          Francois P, Plasse M, Frappat P, Guthmann JP, Dubourgel S, Pincemaille O, Beaudoing A. Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia in an infant. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1989;46(8):589-90.

-          Saito T. et al. IgA nephropathy assodiated with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. Clin. Nephrol 1994:42:405.

-          Kiselica D. Beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis: current clinical concepts. Am Fam Physician 1994;49:1147-1154.

-          Schlievert PM. Role of streptococcal pyrogenic toxin superantigens in invasive disease. Spirit Bulletin. 1995.

-          Verschuren F. et al. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis: a from acute rheumatic fever in adulthood. Acta. Clin. Bel 1995;50:28.

-          Habib G, Cohen L. Myopericarditis associated with streptococcal tonsilitis.Med Assoc J. 2001;3(1):74-5.

 

Capítulo 9. Tratamiento médico.

-          Poses R. et al. The accuracy of experienced physicians'probability estimates for patients with sore throats. Implications for decision making. Med. Assoc 1985;25(4/7):925.

-          McMillan JA, et al. Viral and bacterial organisms associated with acute pharyngitis in a school-aaged population. J.Pediatri 1986;109:747-752.

-          Bass J.W. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis revisited. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1989;256(6):740.

-          Pichichero MD. Controverises in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. America Family Physician 1990;1567-76.

-          Xembaum, S. Traitement court des angines. Concours Médical 1990;11:3571.

-          Echando P. et al. Traitement des angines a streptocoque beta hemolytique du groupe A per la cefuroxima axetil pandent 4 jours: etude compartive a peniline V pandent 10 jour. Med mad Infect 1991;21:66-70.

-          Fyllingen, G et al. Phenmoxymethylpeniclillin two or three daily in bacterial upper respiratory tract infections: a blinded, radomidez and controlled clinical study. Sacan. J. Infect. Dis 1991;23:755.

-          Aznar, E. et al. Estudio comparativo de la eficacia de josamicina frente a penicilina oral en el tratamiento de la amigdalitis aguda. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1991;21(6):455.

-          Shinkai I, Ohta Y. New drugs--reports of new drugs recently approved by the FDA. Dirithromycin. Bioorg Med Chem. 1996;4(4):521-2.

-          Westphal JF. Cefuroxime axetil, a new oral cephalosporin for treating infections of the ORL field: clinical synthesis. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1990;111(5):503-5.

-          Assakalli HL et al. Conduite à tenir devant une hémorragie d'origen amygdalienne. Les Cahiers d'O.R.L. 1993;XXVIII, 10:433.

-          Ajulo SO. The significance of recurrent tonsillitis in sickle cell disease. Clin. Otolaryngol 1994;19(3): 230.

-          De Miguel Martínez I. et al. Posibilidades terapéuticas en la amigdalitis recurrente infantil. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1994;45(6):433.

-          Pichicero MD. Copathogens in streptococcal pharyngitis: a challenge to tradicional therapies. The Spirit Bulletin 1. 1994.

-          Aristegui J. Pautas de actuación en el control de la infección. Anales Españoles de Pediatria 1994;Supl 63.

-          Arrling, A. et al. Clindamycin in persisting streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis after penicillin treatment. Sacand. J. Infect. Dis 1994;26:535.

-          Schonheyder HC. Streptococcal tonsillitis: failure of penicillin therapy. Ugeskr-Lauger 1994;28:156.

-          Pinchichero ME. Group A estreptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: cost-effective diagnosis and tratment. Ann Emerg. Med 1995;25:390.

 

Capítulo 10. Tratamiento quirúrgico, indicaciones de amigdalectomía.

-          Blanco Ibáñez JM. La "carpa" de hemocaprol. Su acción antidolorosa y antihemorrágica en la amigdalectomía. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1971;XII:3.

-          Conde Jahn F, Conde Jahn F. Hemostasia en las operaciones de amígdalas y adenoides. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1977; IV, 1-2: 65-85.

-          Alonso Párraga D. et al. Hemorragia tardía postamigdalectomía. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1980;31:596.

-          Herrera Casado A. Aportación francesa a la amigdalectomía. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1981;VIII, 6:487.

-          Solabre M. Et al. Estudio de la bacteriemia pre y posamigdalectomía. Anales O.R.L. Iber- Amer 1981; VIII, 4:331.

-          Babé J. Amigdalectomía extracapsular con reconstrucción de la celda amigdalina. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1983; X, 1:19.

-          Siegel G. The influence of tonsillectomy on cell mediated immune response. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;239:205.

-          Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Bachman RZ, Colborn K, Bernard BS, Taylor FH, et al. Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children: results of parallel randomised and nonrandomized clinical trials. N Eng J Med 1984;310:674-683.

-          Echeverria M, Olarieta M. Indicaciones quirúrgicas actuales de la patología amigdalar. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1989;40(2):71.

-          Michael J. Mise au point sur la cryochirugie amygdalienne. Journal Fançais d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie 1989;38(3):129.

-          Revilla Borjas C, Stuyt, M.T. Uso de la infiltración local en amigdalectomías en adultos bajo anestesia general. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1990; XVII, 4:369.

-          Rosenfeld RM, Green RP. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: Changing trends. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99:187-91.

-          Echena F; Medda C. La tonsillectomia in eta infantile: considerazioni personali. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 1991;11:595.

-          Gledovic Z, Radovanovic Z. History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Epidemiol 1991;7(6):612-5.

-          Kornblut A. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. En: Paparella M.M. Editor. Otolaryngology. 3ª ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1991.p.2149-67.

-          Bluestone CD. Current indications for tonsillectomy and adenoi-dectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1992;155: 58-64.

-          Melchor, M.A. et al. Dolor postoperatorio en amigdalectomía bajo anestesia general e infliltración local. Acta Otorrinolaring. Esp 1994;45(5):349.

-          Bicknell PG. Role of adenotonsillectomy in the management of pediatric ear, nose, and throat infections. Ped Infect Dis J 1994;13(Suppl 1): S75-8, S78-9.

-          Truy E,. et al. Failures in outpatient tonsillectomy policy in children: a retrospective study in 311 children. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol 1994;29: 33.

-          Sánchez del Hoyo A, et al. Microcirugía amigdalar con disección bipolar. Anales O.R.L. Iber-Amer 1995; XXII, 4: 379-392.

-          Templer J, Herr T, Parsons D. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. In: English Otolaryngology, vol 3, chap 28. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

-          Liaw KL, Adami J, Gridley G, Nyren O, Linet MS. Risk of Hodgkin's disease subsequent to tonsillectomy: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 1997;72(5):711-3.

-          Moya M, Sacristán T, Blanco A, Cervera J, Gil-Carcedo LMª, González Hachero J, Suárez C, Suárez Cortina L. Indicaciones de amigdalectomía y adenoidectomía en el niño y el adolescente. An EspPediatr 1997;47:12-13.

-          Llorente JL, Suárez C. Indicaciones de la adenoamigdalectomía. Bol Pediatr 1999;39: 72-75.

-          Ikram M, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Siddiqui T, Mian MY. The histopathology of routine tonsillectomy specimens: results of a study and review of literature. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000;79(11):880-2.

-          Montojo J, Rubio L, Lorenzo F. Indicaciones y técnica de la amigdalectomía. In: Tomás M, Bernal M, editors. Tratado de Otorrino-laringología Pediátrica. 1st ed. Grafiques Alzamora SA: Girona; 2000.p.457-464.

-          Burton MJ, Towler B, Glasziou P. Tonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2002. Oxford: Update Software.

-          Hollis LJ, Burton MJ, Millar JM. Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2002. Oxford: Update Software.

-          Pinder D, Hilton M. Dissection versus diathermy for tonsillectomy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2002. Oxford: Update Software.

-          Darrow DH, Siemens C. Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:6-10.

-          Younis RT, Lazar RH. History and current practice of tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:3-5

-          Neill RA, Scoville C, Belden J. What are the indications for tonsillectomy in children? J Fam Pract. 2002;51(4):314

-          Oburra HO, Idenya M. Frequency of adenotonsillectomy in some Nairobi hospitals. East Afr Med J. 2001;78(7):338-42.

-          Shamboul K, Yousif YM. Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy in Sudanese patients. East Afr Med J. 2001;78(8):405-7

-          Capper R, Canter RJ. Is there agreement among general practitioners, paediatricians and otolaryngologists about the management of children with recurrent tonsillitis? Clin Otolaryngol. 2001;26(5):371-8.

-          Back L, Paloheimo M, Ylikoski J.Traditional tonsillectomy compared with bipolar radiofrequency thermal ablation tonsillectomy in adults: a pilot study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(9):1106-12.

-          Mattila PS, Tahkokallio O, Tarkkanen J, Pitkaniemi J, Karvonen M, Tuomilehto J. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in tonsillar tissue of children and the relationship with recurrent tonsillitis.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;58(1):9-15.

-          Wolfensberger M, Haury JA, Linder T. Parent satisfaction 1 year after adenotonsillectomy of their children.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;56(3):199-205.

-          Karanov J, Minic P, Subarevic V, Baljosevic I. Cor pulmonale caused by hypertrophic adenoid glands and tonsils: indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in a 2-year-old child. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2000;128(5-6):208-10.

-          Paulussen C, Claes J, Claes G, Jorissen M. Adenoids and tonsils, indications for surgery and immunological consequences of surgery.Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2000;54(3):403-8.

-          Gabriel P, Mazoit X, Ecoffey C. Relationship between clinical history, coagulation tests, and perioperative bleeding during tonsillectomies in pediatrics. J Clin Anesth. 2000;12(4):288-91.

-          Ramzi T, Younis MD, Rande H, Lazar MD.History and current practice of tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope 2002;112:3-5.

-          Darrow DH, Siemens Ch. Indications for tonsillectomy and ade-noidectomy. Laryngoscope 2002;112 (Suppl 100):6-10.

-          Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Colborn DK, Bernard BS, Rockette HE, Kurs-Lasky M. Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in moderately affected children. Pediatrics. 2002;110:7-15.

 

 

Capítulo 11. Técnica de amigdalectomía y cuidados postoperatorios.

-          Leach J, Manning S, Schaefer S. Comparison of two methods of tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope 1993;103:619 -22.

-          Blomgren K, Qvarnberg YH, Valtone HJ. A prospective study on pros and cons of electrodissection tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope 2001;111:478-82.

-          Hultcrantz E, Ericsson E. Pediatric tonsillotomy with the radiofrequency technique: Less morbidity and pain. Laryngoscope 2004;114:871-7.

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